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About
Dr Mike J Smith
Senior Lecturer in GIS,
Kingston University
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Methods for the visualisation of digital elevation models for landform mapping.
M.J. Smith and C.D. Clark
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 30, 7, 885-900
Digital elevation models (DEM) are increasingly used for landform mapping, particularly with the growing availability of national and global datasets. In this paper we describe a variety of techniques that can visualise a DEM. We then compare five techniques to ascertain which performs the most complete and unbiased visualisation. We assess the visualisation techniques by comparing landforms mapped from them against a detailed morphological map (derived from mapping of multi-azimuth relief-shaded DEMs cross-checked with stereo aerial photographs). Results show that no single visualisation method provides complete and unbiased mapping. The relief-shaded visualisations are particularly prone to azimuth biasing, although they can highlight subtle landforms. We recommend curvature visualisation for initial mapping as this provides a non-illuminated (and therefore unbiased) image. Initial mapping can then be supplemented with data from relief-shaded visualisations.
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